Optimizing the Use of CNC Coolant-Understanding CNC Coolant

Many machine shops do not view coolant systems as a key element of their machining operations, despite the fact that few would fully overlook adding CNC coolant to their pricey machine tools. However, a successful metalworking operation and an effective machining process depend on the type of coolant you use and how you apply it.

What Purpose Does Coolant Serve?

Despite the frequent confusion between the terms "coolant" and "lubricant," not all coolants are lubricants. For instance, compressed air can be used as a coolant but not a lubricant.

Whatever kind of CNC machining you conduct, CNC coolants are essential. They improve the surface finish of the machined parts and extend the tool life. You can choose a coolant that works for your machine and application by being aware of the various coolant kinds that are out there. Keeping the proper coolant concentrations helps your coolant, cutting tools, and CNC machine last longer.

Why using cutting fluids will improve your machining operations?

• Because high temperatures can cause warping, melting, discoloration, or early tool failure, reduce or eliminate the heat buildup between the cutting tool and the workpiece.

• Lubricates to reduce friction and speed up the chip removal procedure.

• Clears the work area of chips and abrasives to avoid chip re-cutting and improve the surface finish of the item.

• Provides corrosion protection

Always keep in mind that the sort of coolant you use and how you combine cooling and lubrication will depend on the kind of CNC machining you're doing and the materials you're cutting. Additionally, keep in mind that coolants can be costly, and that wasting coolant costs money. This can be avoided by being aware of the type and quantity of coolant needed for the process.

Types of CNC Lathe Coolant

1.   Synthetic Fluids

Features

- They're among the cleanest coolants, devoid of petroleum or mineral oil.

- Synthetic fluids contain rust inhibitors and chemical lubricants that degrade in water.

- When mixed with water, they form a metalworking fluid with high cooling capacity, corrosion resistance, and lubricating properties.

Advantages

- Synthetic fluids offer robust microbial control and resist rancidity effectively.

- They excel in corrosion resistance and cooling capability.

- Mixing with water enhances their stability and suitability for diverse machining tasks.

Disadvantages

- Contamination by machine fluids like lubricating oils is a concern, necessitating careful management.

- Despite their advantages over oil-based fluids, synthetics can generate fine mists or foam under agitation.

2. Semi-Synthetic Fluids

Features

- Semi-synthetics blend synthetic polymers with soluble oils.

- Typically, they contain 2-30% mineral or petroleum oil along with water and emulsifiers.

- These fluids boast low viscosity, facilitating settling and cleaning.

Advantages

- They serve well in moderate to heavy-duty applications.

- Semi-synthetics enables faster cutting speeds and feed rates due to their superior wetting and cooling properties.

- Their low viscosity aids in settling and cleaning tasks.

Disadvantages

- Hard water can compromise their stability, leading to deposits.

- Foam formation is common due to lower lubrication from cleaning additives compared to soluble oils.

3. Straight Oil

Features

- Derived from various sources like petroleum, mineral oil, or natural compounds.

- Insoluble in water, straight oils provide superior lubrication and rust prevention.

- They ensure clean cuts with minimal cutting force for a smooth surface finish.

Advantages

- Straight oils offer excellent lubricity, reducing friction during machining.

- They promote superior finishes and prolong tool lifespan.

- Cost-effective and compatible with a range of materials commonly used in machinery.

Disadvantages

- Limited cooling capabilities compared to water-based coolants.

- Higher maintenance and oil change requirements due to degradation.

- Unsuitable for high-performance applications.

4.  Soluble Oils

Features

- Ideal for general machining tasks, soluble oils form emulsions when mixed with water.

- Comprising mostly petroleum or mineral oil, they offer a blend of water and oil for improved cooling and lubrication.

- Suitable for various ferrous and nonferrous applications.

Advantages

- They provide effective cooling and lubrication due to the water and oil blend.

- Versatile, suitable for light to medium-duty operations.

- Can handle heavy-duty tasks like tapping and broaching when appropriately mixed.

Disadvantages

- Improper maintenance can lead to microbial growth in the coolant tank.

- Issues like rust control, evaporation losses, and oil contamination may arise due to the oil component.